Research literacy
Research guides
Practical explanations for reading survey results without losing the context behind the number.
GuideInterpretation
How to Read Survey Results
A step-by-step checklist for understanding the question, denominator, fieldwork and limitations before quoting a result.
GuideMethods
Online Panel Surveys Explained
What online-panel studies are useful for, how they differ from probability samples and why transparent reporting matters.
GuideStatistics
Sample Size, Percentages & Multi-select
How bases, counts, rounding, routing and multiple-response questions change the meaning of percentages.
Why these guides exist
A percentage is only useful when its denominator is clear.
Our research pages are designed to keep sample and question context close to the finding. These guides explain the conventions we use so readers can compare results more carefully and cite them more accurately.